Observations and questions on gold artefacts from underwater excavations
نویسنده
چکیده
In the present paper, we will study examples of settlement excavations that can sometimes reveal abundant gold material. These underwater excavations took place in Alexandria and Aboukir Bay, Egypt, where we found numerous gold or gold-plated objects. Of these, some objects provide us with information about the trade routes used in those times, and others show us that refinement existed even during the Byzantine period. Some objects tell us fabulous stories, while others attest a high mastery of the available technology. Through specific examples, we will approach the scientific, aesthetic, historical and technological aspects pertaining to these gold objects. While most of these gold objects, jewellery and coins, have been studied before, and the results published elsewhere, considering the number of excavated objects, it is typically the less spectacular ones or the ones that were too difficult to interpret that have been neglected. Being an archaeologist specialised in the restoration of metal, I am thus not a metallurgist, a technologist, or even a numismatist, nor a historian specialised in the production or trade of gold objects. However, on the boat, underwater, or in the land laboratory, many questions concerning these archaeological objects deserve attention. With the help of three case studies, we will see that some problems related to these objects have come up, and that a close collaboration with various gold artefact specialists appears necessary in order to try to solve these uncertainties. Résumé : Seront abordés des exemples de fouilles d’habitats qui parfois peuvent livrer un abondant matériel en or. Ces fouilles sous-marines, sont menées en Egypte, à Alexandrie et Aboukir. Lors de nos campagnes de fouilles, nous avons trouvé de nombreux objets en or ou recouverts d’or. Certains objets nous parlent des voies commerciales, certains nous démontrent un raffinement d’une période dite décadente. D’autres objets nous racontent de fabuleuses histoires, d’autres encore sont des preuves d’une haute maîtrise technologique. Au travers de quelques découvertes, nous allons approcher l’aspect scientifique, esthétique, historique et technologique de ces objets d’or. Si la majorité des objets, monnaies ou bijoux, sont étudiés et publiés étant donné la masse de documents exhumés, il en est de moins spectaculaires et de plus délicats à interpréter qui sont délaissés. Etant un archéologue spécialisé dans la restauration du métal, je ne suis donc ni analyste, ni métallurgiste, ni technologue, ni numismate, ni non plus un historien spécialiste de la production, du commerce ou de la circulation des objets en or, et pourtant, que de questions se posent face à ces objets archéologiques trouvés lors de fouilles et restaurés in situ. A travers trois cas, sera entrevue une base d’étude où seule une collaboration pluridisciplinaire pourrait répondre aux problématiques posées.
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